Tigger

"I'm so happy I could bounce!" ~ Tigger

This is a story I got from one of the FIP yahoo groups. It has stayed in the drafts folder of this blog for over a year. I didn't manage to contact Tigger's mum for more details, a picture and so on. Post is copied verbatim as I expect Tigger's mum wants the story out there. So sadly I don't have details of diagnosis, no bloodwork - that's a caveat, it may not be FIP but it's hard to think of what else could have made him so sick for 6 weeks; my notes say wet FIP.  I can see the precipitating immune suppressing causes are pretty common ones. The move was big one as I recall; I think Tigger had to take a plane ride and was received at the other end unwell. He is a little older than usual. Most importantly Tigger's successful treatment has commonalities with other survivors - antibiotics combined with IV fluids and an immune stimulant - in this case interferon ( i think probably it is feline interferon since this cat is in Europe. ) special food (again wish I knew the details!) and intense daily attention.

Hi. I have a rambunctious male 5 year old cat. His name is Tigger. 5 months ago, I moved to Turkey. He had a shot for Luekemia (sp prob wrong) Anyway BAD idea. Don't ever get your cat a shot for this without getting him tested for the corona virus. I'm not sure if I spelled that right either but it's easy enough for you to google.

Anyway, the move and shot sent him into full blown FIP. His eyes were rolling to the back of his head, sky high fever, skin and bones, boy did I thought he was a goner. We started interferon and vitamins, antibiotics and Iv every day for a month and a half. Each day I spent 2-3 hours at the vet. 5 months later, he is alive and fat and happy. Each day I give him 2 vitamins. One in the morning and one at night. And they have garlic in them, yes, garlic.

If you make a serious commitment to keep your cat alive, I believe you have a pretty good shot of beating this with the help of interferon. I also give him food for sensitive systems and NO treats!! TReats do not help any cat. I have a second cat that seems to be fine and probably live to be 20. Tigger is living on borrowed time but I treasure ever extra moment. I also keep their cat box VERY clean. 2ce a day I clean it. My heart goes out to all owners with fip cats. It's heart wrenching, I know.

My other thought, a year of case history reviews later, is that I feel vets are not paying enough attention to fluid and salt (electrolyte) managment in FIP cats. Sick inapetant cats are easily dehydrated as they are desert animals designed to get most of their fluids from freshly killed prey. Vets seem to devote all the owner's resources to diagnostic gymnastics while their patient slips away from under their noses. Any reasonably sick human wheeled into an ER would be instantly hooked to an IV while this is worked out.
Also on the home front I doubt this cat was left to waste his remaining energy dragging himself to a litterbox too far, up a flight of stairs to the bedroom or being needlessly stressed by a bath (this is not sarcasm - I do actually know of someone who went to the trouble of getting PI then bathed their FIP cat. Predictably it took a downhill turn from there and is not listed on my survivors log.)

picture by felicia ruiyi - deviantart

Mutant Ninja FIP

"Evolutionary plasticity can be purchased only at the ruthlessly dear price of continuously sacrificing some individuals to death from unfavourable mutations."

~Theodosius Dobzhansky Genetics and the Origin of Species (1937)

Life does not stand still. Evidence of the mutation of Feline crossed Canine coronavirus to produce a virulent form that creates directly cat-cat transmissible FIP disease. Marleen from Facebook FIP fighters group posted this today -

"One of our members contacted Dr. Niels Pedersen from the UC Davic SOCK FIP team and he kindly sent her this lengthy reply (see below). She got his permision to share this with the FIP community.

Q: In a recent article by Wang et al (http://www.veterinaryresearch.org/content/44/1/57) an outbreak of FIP among cats in a Taiwanese shelter was described. This has caused some anxiety among cat owners concerning the potential of cat-to-cat transmission of FIPV. What are your views on this? 

A: I reviewed this paper and believe that this was a case that started with cat-to-cat transmission. However, the virus in this outbreak is what we call type II FIPV, which is a hybrid that occurs between feline and canine coronavirus. The primary strain of coronavirus in most cats is serotype I. Serotype II FIPV are more virulent than type I viruses and there is an old report of possible cat-to-cat transmission with another FIP virus of this serotype. However, this is a very rare occurrence and should not be taken as a universal finding. Cat-to-cat transmission of FIPV is extremely uncommon, even with serotype II virus, and when it occurs the outbreaks are self-limiting because the virus rapidly mutates to a form that does not go cat-to-cat. It is likely that the virus in this outbreak came from a cat or cats that were housed with dogs in another shelter and had not yet had time to fully adapt to cats. 

At this point, we need to define the difference between epizootic (epidemic=human) and enzootic (endemic=human) disease. An epizootic occurs when a new pathogen such as a virus enters a group of susceptible animals for the first time. There is a very rapid spread with a high morbidity (prevalence of diseased individuals) and often a high mortality (death from that disesae). An example would be the appearance of parvo virus enteritis in dogs in the 1970s, an epizootic disease that is now enzootic. Enzootic disease occurs when a pathogen lurks continuously in the environment and only targets individuals that become susceptible. For instance, feline enteric coronavirus is shed by a majority of older cats in a cattery but it is the kittens that take the brunt of disease. Enzootic disease is sporadic in nature and the morbidity and mortality waxes and wanes depending on the presence or absence of disease cofactors. People often mistake epizootic for enzootic disease when several cases occur close together. Epizootics usually get far more attention than enzootics, because they hit like a hammer. Enzootic disease is frequently tolerated, as is the case with feline upper respiratory and intestinal infections and even with FIP. However, the tap-tap-tap of enzootic disease is in the long run far more damaging and causes far more deaths than epizootic disease. 

Q: How can an epizootic of FIP, such as occurred in this Taiwan shelter, be differentiated from the enzootic type disease that causes almost all FIP deaths? Or another way to ask the question in the case of FIP is how can you differentiate cat-to-cat transmission of an FIP virus from the normal pattern of infection, which involves cat-to-cat transmission of the parent feline enteric coronavirus followed by internal mutation of the disease causing FIP virus?

A:  The epizootic of FIP that occurred in Taiwan was easy to characterize, because it could be traced to the introduction of a specific hybrid cat/dog virus that came in with a cat from another environment. This virus then rapidly spread to susceptible cats by contact. The virus that caused the epizootic was also genetically unique from normal enteric coronaviruses that were enzootic to the shelter, confirming that it was indeed a new introduction. As would be expected from an epizootic, the introduced virus changed as it rapidly spread cat-to-cat in the shelter. With subsequent cat passages, the infecting virus started developing mutations in one of the coronavirus-related genes associated with production of a protein called 3c. Coronaviruses that do not produce normal 3c protein will no longer infect enterocytes and are therefore not shed in the feces. This same type of mutation is common to the FIP viruses isolated from cats with enzootic disease. This occurrence of 3c gene mutations was probably the major reason why the Taiwanese outbreak was self-limiting, and not just because a simple quarantine was initiated.

Q: We can all understand that cases of FIP commonly occur in large catteries where FECV is prevalent, and where there is a genetic relationship between affected cats. However, there are also cases where 3-4 genetically unrelated cats in the same household (not a large cattery) develop FIP one after the other during a time period of 6-12 months. Assuming that all of these cats developed FIP due to internal mutation of FECV, this seems a bit strange considering that only a small proportion of cats are supposed to go on and develop FIP after FECV infection. How do you explain this?

A: The morbidity to FIP can range from less than 1% to more than 5-20% in the enzootic form, depending on many factors. In catteries, genetics play an important role, but it is not the sole factor. With random bred cats, non-genetic factors are even more important. We know that the age at exposure to FECV and stressors of many types that occur during primary FECV infection (starting around 9 weeks) are very important. Resistance develops with age and the younger they are exposed the more likely to come down. The problem is that in shelters and catteries the exposure occurs much earlier in life than if cats are running free at a reasonable density. There is no accident that over 70% of FIP cases come from catteries, shelters and kitten/cat foster and rescue organizations. We also know that 20% or more of FECV infections can generate FIP-causing mutants, but yet only a fraction of cats get sick. This means that many cats actually resist the disease. The question then becomes - why do some get the disease when others do not?

Q: Which are the most important stress factors that can influence the development of FIP in young cats?

A: In principle anything that interferes with a kitten’s immune response in that critical period between 9 weeks when they usually first see FECV and 16 weeks or so when their immune system really starts to become mature can potentially tip the balance towards disease. Vaccinations, deworming, early neutering, moving to a new family – all of these things can affect the immune system, plus all of the common kittenhood respiratory and enteric disorders that occur during this period. However, it is impossible to weight the influence of one or another, or any combination. I like to use the term “perfect storm” from the famous movie. You get FIP when enough bad things come together at the wrong time.

The Bottom Line - House your cats in small groups. Do not stress them when they are young. Protect kittens from encountering FeCoV until their immune system is strong and don't inbreed.

The Christmas Tomten

“Winters come and winters go, Summers come and summers go, Soon the swallows will be here.” thinks the Tomten.

Yuletide "the midpoint of winter - the cosmic balance between life and death". I feel like we are poised on such a tipping point - and i cant help thinking being in the southern hemisphere the december solstice signals the descent.

Mishka has been going 4 months on the FIP roller coaster. She's on Feline interferon twice a week and a weekly abdo drainage and one week into a trial of PI to see if we can tip the balance over toward life.

There are a few other kittens diagnosed around the same time still alive and well including Tomten - who is named after a scandinavian gnome who talks to the cat in tomten language, "a silent little language a cat can understand."

Nov 2012 "Our biggest fear in the storm was how to keep the feline interferon cold when we lost power. (My vet is importing it from the UK). Jan 1 will be the six month mark so we are thinking about doing another ultrasound then to see how everything looks. Knock on wood Gizmo also seems ok. Not sure how Gizmo would ever handle it if we loose Tom as they are inseparable." ~ Cassie

Gizmo and Tomten, the darker kitty who has FIP, live with the Hallbergs in New Jersey USA. He was diagnosed back in July 2012. His mom Cassie posts updates to the FIPcat support yahoo group. In october his dosages were prednisone 2mg daily and Feline Interferon injections .4ml weekly. Now it is down to every 2nd day for the prednisone and every ten days for the interferon.

Good Yule Tomten and family! Here is a video interpretation of the children's book 'The Tomten' to enjoy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABMDcIJp784

Wednesday, December 12, 2012

Hi everyone- sorry its been a while since I posted. Hurricane Sandy did a number on our internet.

Tomten continues to do well. He will be at the 6 month mark since his initial diagnosis on Jan 1st 2012 (Big Day!!!) So for everyone who is new to this site and feeling at a total loss (That was me 6 months ago) there is hope!

For the most part he continues to do well. He is now on the feline interferon injections once every 10 days plus Prednisone every other day. The last two weeks he was a bit withdrawn and less active but the last two days he seems back to himself. (we live in total dread when his behavior changes the least little bit)

I took him and his brother Gizmo for their annual check up last Saturday. His regular vet (he also sees an internal medicine specialist who is leading the FIP treatment) was amazed by him. We decided to never vaccinate him again so as not to stress his immune system. She also took some blood to run a blood pannel. Both Vets agree that they want to rescan him again in January to see if the intestinal mass is still gone and if the lymph nodes are still inflamed.

I think his blood pannel looks much better: The Alb/Glob ration has gone from .44 back in July to .9. Which I think means no longer consistent with FIP. They key change is the alb which in July was 2.2 and now is 4.4. The glob hasn't changed much, its gone from 5.0 to 4.9.

There are some parameters that are really high but Dr. Harrison (the internal medicine vet was pleased. Marlene I would love to get your thoughts on it....

Bets wishes to everyone,

Cassie

Tomtens blood panel

CHEM 21 with COMPREHENSIVE CBC : CHEM 21 (1272)
Test Result Reference Range Low Normal High

ALK. PHOSPHATASE 6 0 - 62 U/L

ALT (SGPT) 35 28 - 100 U/L

AST (SGOT) 30 5 - 55 U/L

ALBUMIN 4.4 2.3 - 3.9 g/dL HIGH

TOTAL PROTEIN 9.3 5.9 - 8.5 g/dL HIGH

GLOBULIN 4.9 3.0 - 5.6 g/dL

TOTAL BILIRUBIN 0.0 0.0 - 0.4 mg/dL

DIRECT BILIRUBIN 0.0 0.0 - 0.2 mg/dL

BUN 37 15 - 34 mg/dL HIGH

CREATININE 1.2 0.8 - 2.3 mg/dL

CHOLESTEROL 142 82 - 218 mg/dL

GLUCOSE 114 70 - 150 mg/dL

CALCIUM 11.8 1
8.2 - 11.8 mg/dL

PHOSPHORUS 4.2 3.0 - 7.0 mg/dL

CHLORIDE 118 111 - 125 mEq/L

POTASSIUM 3.7 3.9 - 5.3 mEq/L LOW

SODIUM 157 147 - 156 mEq/L HIGH

A/G RATIO 0.9 0.4 - 0.8 HIGH

B/C RATIO 30.8 HIGH
INDIRECT BILIRUBIN 0.0 0 - 0.3 mg/dL

NA/K RATIO 42
HEMOLYSIS INDEX N 2

LIPEMIA INDEX N 3

Comments:
1. RESULT VERIFIED BY REPEAT ANALYSIS
2. Index of N,+,++ exhibits no significant effect on chemistry values.
3. Index of N,+,++ exhibits no significant effect on chemistry values.

CHEM 21 with COMPREHENSIVE CBC : CBC COMPREHENSIVE (1272)
Test Result Reference Range Low Normal High

WBC 6.3 4.2 - 15.6 K/uL

RBC 8.07 6.0 - 10.0 M/uL

HGB 12.8 9.5 - 15 g/dL

HCT 39.7 29 - 45 %

MCV 49 41 - 58 fL

MCH 15.9 11.0 - 17.5 pg

MCHC 32.2 29 - 36 g/dL

% RETICULOCYTE 0.1 %
RETICULOCYTE 8 3 - 50 K/uL

NEUTROPHILSEG 58.8 35 - 75 %

LYMPHOCYTES 30.5 20 - 55 %

MONOCYTES 5.0 1 - 4 % HIGH

EOSINOPHIL 5.4 2 - 12 %

BASOPHIL 0.3 0 - 1 %

AUTO PLATELET 192 170 - 600 K/uL

ANISOCYTOSIS SLIGHT
REMARKS SLIDE REVIEWED MICROSCOPICALLY.

ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHILSEG 3704 2500 - 12500 /uL

ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE 1922 1500 - 7000 /uL

ABSOLUTE MONOCYTE 315 0 - 850 /uL

ABSOLUTE EOSINOPHIL 340 0 - 1500 /uL

ABSOLUTE BASOPHIL 19 0 - 100 /uL
_______________________________

14 December  2012

I love CR!!!! Cure is better but I love Clinical Response.

His total protein has gone up from 7.2 in July to 9.3. His Calcium has also gone up from 7.7 to 11.8.

He is eating well. Tomten has always lived to eat. I notice he sometimes now eats smaller amounts and then goes back and finishes it off 15 minutes later. In July his weight fell to 8.0 lbs he is up to 9.6 lbs.

Unfortunately he is addicted to fancy feast cat food which I fear may not be the most healthy but per Dr. Addie's recco I am supplementing it with a teaspoon a day of either Applepaws chicken, Tuna, Salmon. And he is getting raw steak 3 times a week. (Which he loves!!!) Makes up for the injections which he is increasingly getting more agitated about.

I will keep you posted on the scan in January.

For everyone who is new to the site and feeling hopeless (that was me in July- after all this was his second diagnosis of FIP- the first being a misdiagnosis when he was a kitten and actually had herpes. And I figured he couldn't get lucky twice and this was it). Hang in there! There is hope. Every day I have with Tom is a gift. I don't know how many we will have but we all treasure each day we have with our goofy fur ball and his brother.

Thanks to everyone for your continued support!

Cassie
__________________________________

22 September 2012

Subject: [FIPCatSupport] Update on Tomten- still doing well

Hi Everyone,  Its been a while since I posted. I contacted Dr. Addie and she agreed to consult with Dr. Harrison to see if Tomten really has or had fip and if he does to give us some advice on how to manage him since he is doing so well on the feline interferon. Now I am just waiting for the two to connect. Knock on wood he continues to do well. Went for a walk on his leash today outside and he was in kitty bliss!We are so grateful to still have him with us.

Dr.Addie was extremely helpful she suggested we immedietly take him off the L-lysine paste he has been taking for herpes since he was a kitten. Apparently, it interferes with the L'argine uptake. She also recommended we add raw red meat to his diet which Dr. Harrison is open to. So he is now getting chopped steak everyday and canned salmon from COSTCO. The steak is expensive but compared to the feline interferon a relative bargain! I also just ordered some applaws from amazon.com. Hopefully they will like it. His brother is super finkly and they really love their fancy feast but I am increasingly concerned I am feeding them yummy junk food. So we will see how it goes with the applaws.

Tomten is doing great but he is losing patience with us jabbing him every week. Upsetting for me as my once "velcro cat" is now nervous every time I pick him up that he is going to get jabbed. So hard because we can't explain it may be whats keeping him alive. But that being said the weather today was amazing and he loved going out for a walk with his brother.

One super goofy FIP moment is the family has taken to singing to Tomten and his brother Gizmo every night the "Kill the virus song" Modeled after Elmer Fudd's of bugs bunny fame "kill the wabbit song". I don't know that its helping but makes us all laugh and that seems to make the cats happy.

best thoughts to everyone, Cassie

14 January 2013 - click here for Tomtens update Great News!

Vexed Vaccinations

" In cats we now recognise that vaccinating with too many vaccines in the same place all the time can cause fibrosarcoma, a nasty cancer." ~ Nancy Scanlon, DVM, Chino Hills, USA

The annual boosters for our animals used to confound me. I imagined pets had a most bizarre immune system - forgetful regarding life threatening viruses but functioning perfectly with regard to all other viral and bacterial assaults. They didn't seem to be in anyway prone to the petty common illnesses that snotty humans suffer. No vomiting illnesses, no boxes of kitty kleenex were needed each winter and the dogs were happily rolling in anything dead, bounding about in the wind and rain, and taking any opportunity to eat cat poo - yummy.

http://www.lifewithcats.tv/2011/05/29/kitty-vs-kleenex/

Holistic vet Dr Yasson says science confirms annual vaccinations are unecessary

http://www.holvet.net/pet_vaccinations.html

"Current Veterinary Therapy, 11th Edition, which is one of the most significant textbooks in veterinary medicine to date, says that vaccines tend to last a lifetime in dogs and cats.   Dogs and cats in old age do tend to have more chronic disease when they have those vaccines repeated on a yearly basis.  Annual revaccinations are unnecessary"

Lisa A. Pierson, DVM gives her rationale and reccomendations for a sensible feline vaccination schedule. http://www.catinfo.org/?link=vaccines

"There is nothing in the scientific literature to support annual vaccination with the FVRCP and Feline Leukemia (FeLV) vaccines. It is well-known that:

• the vaccines commonly used for cats confer immunity for much longer than 1 year - and actually provide lifelong immunity in most instances for panleukopenia
• adjuvants contained in killed vaccines put cats at risk for fatal tumors (sarcomas)
• even the non-adjuvanted FVRCP vaccines have caused sarcomas, as have the PureVax vaccines
• natural immunity to feline leukemia is very strong by the time the cat reaches ~1 year of age
• the FVRCP vaccine is strongly linked to kidney inflammation"

To those I would add two comments:

1."Saving a small fortune"  if the pets live to be as old as First Cat 19yrs, and NewDog 11yrs. Neither and Senior dog who died at 19, have been vaccinated for many years since we gave up sending them to boarding if we go on holidays - it makes much more sense to employ a house sitter.
2. Vaccination is a huge antioxidant stress.
"One research worker in the laboratory had been immunizing animals against diseases like tetanus and Diptheria.  His experience showed that after being immunized, some of the animals died suddenly within 24 hours.  These deaths had been attributed to anaphylaxis.  Authorities the world over had decided that this was so (it is a severe allergic reaction).  I suggested that vitamin C deficiency was the cause.  The animals involved did not make their own.  Like primates they required it in their diet.   To discover the truth only required a simple experiment.....
     The result was definite, unquestionable and final.  Half of a group of animals were supplemented with vitamin C before being immunised.  None died.  The un-supplemented half continued to die at rates equal to those found in previous experiments.
    The importance of this discovery can hardly be stressed.  In Australia and all over the world, infants were being immunised.  Those whose vitamin C status was low were at risk.  here, at last, was experimental evidence that supported my claims that stepping up immunisation campaigns among Aboriginal infants increased the death rate."  Every Second Child  by Dr Archie Kalokerinos, M.D. (p.139-140)

A cat makes vitamin C but as far as I can tell they are low on the list of responders able to make around 40mg/kg daily. They will in the wild naturally derive vitamin c from prey. The antioxidant vit C and E are not easy to preserve in processed foods - they have to be topped up before packaging and survive sitting on shelves for months. I wonder how they actually compare to raw foods of similar caloric value? I expect Dr Belfield DVM will know - he gives all his pets and patients supplemental vit C.

We roll the dice when we choose to intervene. My husband's cousin is severely mentally disabled due to the MMR vaccine.

In humans vit c status can make all the difference between a 'routine' vaccination and disability or death. "In Archie’s opinion, the death rate in the Aborigine babies and children stemmed from widespread subclinical scurvy, which resulted in every second child dying, after the medical profession’s vaccination teams swept through the districts." HIs latest book is about Shaken Baby syndrome and is free to download http://www.vaccinationcouncil.org/2012/08/14/dr-kalokerinos-last-book/ Dr Kalokerinos also predicted that there would be widespread problems from the Ford administration 1976 swine flu vaccine program - and indeed there was, prompting it's early termination, and including a fantastic Mafia Boss death link ( really Hollywood could not have come up with a better plot!)

and in humans fatal mistakes in manufacturing as well as straightforward vaccination related deaths still occur in children particularly with their fragile immature immune sytstems. Ashley Jade Epapara  died in her cot 24 hrs after receiving the infamous 2010 fluvax http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/health-science/deaths-linked-to-anti-flu-vaccines/story-e6frg8y6-1226441791947